Loopback, Private and Public IP Addresses

Loopback Address
Loopback IP address from 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254?

Private Address

The private address space specified in RFC 1918 is defined by the following three address blocks:
  • 10.0.0.0/8
    The 10.0.0.0/8 private network is a class A network ID that allows the following range of valid IP addresses: 10.0.0.1 to 10.255.255.254. The 10.0.0.0/8 private network has 24 host bits that can be used for any subnetting scheme within the private organization.
  • 172.16.0.0/12
    The 172.16.0.0/12 private network can be interpreted either as a block of 16 class B network IDs or as a 20-bit assignable address space (20 host bits) that can be used for any subnetting scheme within the private organization. The 172.16.0.0/12 private network allows the following range of valid IP addresses: 172.16.0.1 to 172.31.255.254.
  • 192.168.0.0/16
    The 192.168.0.0/16 private network can be interpreted either as a block of 256 class C network IDs or as a 16-bit assignable address space (16 host bits) that can be used for any subnetting scheme within the private organization. The 192.168.0.0/16 private network allows the following range of valid IP addresses: 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.255.254.

Public Address

Public IP addresses sometimes called 'routable' addresses are addresses that are used when communicating with or connecting to the Internet. These addresses are designated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority for use in web servers, e-mail servers, firewalls and other devices that are directly connected to the Internet.
All addresses are managed by ICANN and allocated to organizations by IANA, so you cannot arbitrarilly add the IP addresses to your computers and connect them to the Internet as they may be in use elsewhere on the Internet.
If you need IP addresses to communicate with the Internet, see my tutorial on obtaining IP addresses.
I have extracted the public addresses by mapping around the addresses listed in RFC 3330 which was published in 2002. No additional RFC's have been issued as of the date this tutorial was written, but this is subject to change over time.

Public Addresses

1.0.0.0 - 9.255.255.255
11.x.x.x - 126.255.255.255
129.0.0.0 - 169.253.255.255
169.255.0.0 - 172.15.255.255
172.32.0.0 - 191.0.1.255
192.0.3.0 - 192.88.98.255
192.88.100.0 - 192.167.255.255
192.169.0.0 - 198.17.255.255
198.20.0.0 - 223.255.255.255

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